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1.
International Journal of Technology Management ; 91(3-4):190-218, 2023.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-2249695

ABSTRACT

Despite the evident upsurge of e-commerce (EC) over the past decades, the peak of online demand caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the huge involvement of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in the online businesses to survive, the extant literature has neglected to analyse how MSEs orchestrate their resources between internal and external investments. Past studies, also in the case of SMEs, have tended to adopt a more firm-centric perspective focusing on the organisational conditions that determine firms' performance after the usage of EC, failing to explore the inter-organisational relations between MSEs and other actors in their ecosystem. Indeed, as MSEs may suffer from liability of smallness and lack of resources, they may rely more than other actors on the nexus of relations that emerge within the digital ecosystem generated through the usage of EC platforms. By relying on 37 interviews with owners or managers of MSEs operating in the food and beverage industry, we investigate the dynamics of resource distribution between MSEs and the other actors in the EC ecosystem. We identified the changes in interdependencies, the information asymmetries, and the power imbalances related to the interplay between MSEs and other actors within the EC ecosystem. Copyright © 2023 Inderscience Enterprises Ltd.

2.
International Journal of Technology Management ; 91(2023/04/03 00:00:0000):190-218, 2023.
Article in English | ProQuest Central | ID: covidwho-2227537

ABSTRACT

Despite the evident upsurge of e-commerce (EC) over the past decades, the peak of online demand caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, and the huge involvement of micro and small enterprises (MSEs) in the online businesses to survive, the extant literature has neglected to analyse how MSEs orchestrate their resources between internal and external investments. Past studies, also in the case of SMEs, have tended to adopt a more firm-centric perspective focusing on the organisational conditions that determine firms' performance after the usage of EC, failing to explore the inter-organisational relations between MSEs and other actors in their ecosystem. Indeed, as MSEs may suffer from liability of smallness and lack of resources, they may rely more than other actors on the nexus of relations that emerge within the digital ecosystem generated through the usage of EC platforms. By relying on 37 interviews with owners or managers of MSEs operating in the food and beverage industry, we investigate the dynamics of resource distribution between MSEs and the other actors in the EC ecosystem. We identified the changes in interdependencies, the information asymmetries, and the power imbalances related to the interplay between MSEs and other actors within the EC ecosystem.

3.
Global Business Review ; 2023.
Article in English | Web of Science | ID: covidwho-2214352

ABSTRACT

In 2020, the COVD-19 pandemic emerged as the most severe crisis of the century. Several vaccine manufacturing firms have taken the necessary initiatives to combat this problem. However, profitability issues can bring down these firms' vaccine manufacturing efforts, thus leading to lower vaccination coverage. Motivated by this issue, we depict a private COVID-19 vaccine supply chain with a supply chain framework comprising of one vaccine manufacturer and multiple private hospitals under demand uncertainty. We incorporate a Stackelberg game-theoretic approach to demonstrate the collaboration between the vaccine manufacturer and the private hospital using wholesale price, two-part tariff and revenue sharing contracts. We determine the optimal number of vaccines and coordination criteria for each contract. Using a real-life approximation of Indian data, we conduct several numerical studies and facilitate the visual depiction of all the theoretical insights obtained from the model. We also discuss the managerial implications of this study. As per our analysis, when private hospitals procure a higher number of vaccines from the vaccine manufacturer, the two-part tariff contract-based collaboration mechanism yields a win-win situation for both the private hospitals and the vaccine manufacturer and is better than the wholesale price contract.

4.
Frontiers in Environmental Science ; 10, 2022.
Article in English | Web of Science | ID: covidwho-2109751

ABSTRACT

In recent years, the resource shortage and environmental degradation have made enterprises and governments increasingly aware of the importance of sustainable development. Meanwhile, the COVID-19 pandemic has also increased the shortage of medical materials. Based on this, we investigate the tradeoff of the critical medical devices refurbishing strategies when blockchain is used in three different structures: manufacturer refurbishing, retailer refurbishing, and third-party refurbishing in the two-period refurbishing strategies. We find that the manufacturer always benefits from the adoption of blockchain technology strategy in the manufacturer refurbishing scenario. However, for the retailer in the second period, the retailer references the adoption of blockchain only if the willingness to pay is extremely high. Additionally, when the medical supply chain channel member chooses retailer refurbishing or third-party strategy, the manufacturer always likes to use blockchain technology. That's because it will help the information value spillover from the retailer to the manufacturer, which leads the manufacturer to get more profits and a lower profit for the retailer. However, in the retailer refurbishing or third-part strategy, the whole channel profits are higher than not adopting blockchain technology. Therefore, business managers can be based on our research to achieve profits Pareto-improving.

5.
IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management ; : 1-15, 2022.
Article in English | Web of Science | ID: covidwho-2070470

ABSTRACT

Vaccine hesitancy refers to a delay in getting or refusing vaccinations for efficacy reviews from early vaccinated individuals (e.g., social learning). However, no reviews occur if everyone delays. To overcome vaccine hesitancy, we first introduce social learning to characterize this undesirable behavior in two-period vaccine market (composed of a government, a manufacturer, and individuals). Then, designing subsidy policies are in three aspects: subsidy recipients (who should be subsidized, individuals or manufacturer), subsidy times (when subsidy policies should be set, preannounced or responsive), and subsidy paths (how the subsidy level should be adjusted over two periods, increasing or decreasing). Some results are yielded. First, if subsidy recipients are individuals, sales subsidies occur, and their equilibrium subsidy paths hinge on subsidy times. When sales subsidies are preannounced in the first period, a decreasing path is always optimal. In contrast, when these subsidies are responsive in two periods, an increasing path may be optimal. Second, these optimal sales subsidies can counter vaccine hesitancy and, further, utilize social learning to enhance vaccine coverage with different levels. Their differences are affected by two factors (government budgets and uncertain vaccine efficacy levels) that have asymmetric roles. Finally, if subsidy recipients are shifted from individuals to the manufacturer, cost subsidy occurs but it fails to overcome vaccine hesitancy.

6.
IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management ; : 1-17, 2022.
Article in English | Web of Science | ID: covidwho-2070468

ABSTRACT

Under the COVID-19 pandemic, governments worldwide have subsidized manufacturers or consumers on the production or purchase of masks. However, the impacts of these subsidies on the mask supply chain (MSC) operations are unclear. Motivated by our interview with a mask manufacturer as well as the observed real-world practices, we establish consumer utility-based stylized models to analytically examine government subsidies and policies in the MSC. We utilize the infection transmission model to capture the social health risk during the COVID-19 outbreak. The government aims to maximize social welfare, which includes the manufacturer's profit, consumer surplus, social health risk, and government subsidy expenditure. Results indicate that when the price is not controlled (i.e., the manufacturer decides it), the manufacturer and consumer subsidy programs are equally efficient in enhancing consumer surplus as well as reducing harm to social health risk under COVID-19. Thus, the government can conduct a subsidy scheme that is easier to implement in practice. However, we surprisingly find that the government's excessive intervention will cause disequilibrium in the MSC. When the price or the manufacturer's dishonest behavior is fully controlled by the government, subsidizing the MSC is not always advisable. Besides, our findings are consistent with the public interest theory;that is, the proper implementation of dishonesty prevention and pricing control policies can improve social welfare but sacrifice consumer surplus. Our results contribute to healthcare operations management and generate managerial insights for MSC management during COVID-19 with industrial validation.

7.
Industrial Engineering and Management Systems ; 21(2):220-227, 2022.
Article in English | Scopus | ID: covidwho-1975306

ABSTRACT

This is the first to comprehensively review the issues such as contract parameters and research models/methods of Quantity Flexibility Contract (QFC) in a supply chain system. We are experiencing a low-frequency-high-impact (LFHI) event such as coronavirus (COVID-19), and rapid technological changes, bringing about a rapid change in customer demand now. Matching supply with demand is one of the biggest challenges in Supply Chain Management (SCM). That is because a sudden rise or drop in customer demand makes it difficult to coordinate objectives between a manufacturer and a retailer. Meanwhile, a QFC has been highlighted as an intensive method in response to this rapid change by gaining time for better observing the market demand before placing its final orders. The intention of this paper is twofold. First, we classify QFC’s articles into contract parameters, comparison and composition of QFC with other strategies and contract types, research models, and methods up to the present point. Second, we guide the future research directions and developments of QFC so that many researchers start easily approaching and studying it. We hope that our discovery from the review provides opportunities to spot gaps in the literature that could be accomplished and values for further future research directions. © 2022 KIIE.

8.
Industrial Marketing Management ; 2022.
Article in English | ScienceDirect | ID: covidwho-1885841

ABSTRACT

Although many firms are aggressively deploying diverse digital technologies (DTs) at inter- and intra-organizational levels, not all firms have achieved the anticipated resilience, especially in the face of supply chain disruptions caused by “black swan” events such as the COVID-19 pandemic. To demystify this phenomenon, we draw on the asset orchestration perspective to investigate how breadth (i.e., the scope) and depth (i.e., the scale) of DT deployment influence a firm's resilience to supply chain disruptions. Survey data from 162 Chinese manufacturing firms show that the depth of DT deployment exerts a positive effect on firm resilience. Interestingly, the breadth has a non-significant effect on firm resilience. Moreover, while the breadth and depth of DT deployment both enhance supply chain coordination, supply chain coordination mediates only the relationship between DT deployment depth and firm resilience. Finally, market acuity positively moderates the relationship between supply chain coordination and firm resilience. We contribute to the literature by providing new theoretical explanations for the inconsistency in the reported relationship between technology deployment and resilience. Our study also helps firms reevaluate their DT deployment.

9.
Journal of Business Research ; 148:378-389, 2022.
Article in English | ScienceDirect | ID: covidwho-1851432

ABSTRACT

The extant literature suggests that digital technologies (big data analytics, artificial intelligence, blockchain) help firms gain a competitive advantage. However, the studies do not focus on the micro, small and medium enterprises (MSME) sector. Moreover, MSMEs face various challenges, including significant supply chain disruption due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Hence, there was an urgent requirement to shift to digital technologies to survive during this difficult time. In the context of MSME, various positive changes are discussed in the recent literature. However, a dearth of studies discusses the role of big data analytics capabilities (BDAC) to gain sustainable competitive advantage (SCA). Our study aims to fill this gap and answer this question – How do BDAC help MSMEs gain SCA? To understand the phenomenon, we receive theoretical support from organizational information processing theory (OIPT) and institutional theory (IT). We develop a conceptual framework that links BDAC and SCA through supply chain coordination, swift trust, and supply chain risk. Additionally, the age and size of the firm are used as control variables. The data is collected from Indian service sector employees of MSMEs, resulting in 497 usable responses. We use PLS-SEM using Warp PLS 7.0 to test the hypotheses. A critical finding is that the BDAC indirectly impacts the SCA. Finally, the other findings, limitations, and scope for future research are discussed.

10.
Omega ; : 102605, 2022.
Article in English | ScienceDirect | ID: covidwho-1620948

ABSTRACT

Under COVID-19, lots of supply disruption cases have appeared which highlight the importance of supply risk management. In this paper, we explore the commonly seen “supply guarantee deposit payment (SGDP)” scheme in fashion supply chains with production disruptions. Under the SGDP scheme, the apparel manufacturer guarantees the fashion retailer that it will supply the product on time by paying a certain amount of deposit to the fashion retailer with consideration of interest rate. In return, the apparel manufacturer requests a certain minimum ordering quantity (MOQ) in the supply contract. We first consider the case with a single product and then extend the analysis to the multi-product case. We find that the SGDP scheme can achieve win-win channel coordination for the fashion supply chain in the presence of production disruption and we have identified the respective bounds for the required amount of deposit payment. The range for setting the channel coordinating deposit payment under SGDP, depending on the size of the quantity difference after the adoption of SGDP, may increase or decrease when the chance of production disruption increases. With uniformly and normally distributed demands, we further derive the value of supply chain coordination under SGDP from the perspectives of the retailer, manufacturer and the whole supply chain, respectively. The critical influence factors in fashion supply chains are also uncovered. To achieve win-win channel coordination for the fashion supply chain with n different products using SGDP, we prove that it is sufficient if we can control n + 1 contract parameters. Moreover, we show that the MOQ is critical in order to achieve channel coordination, no matter the fashion retailer is risk neutral or risk averse. Finally, we check the robustness of our main results by considering the degree of damage of disruption. The findings would have good implications for the new normal after COVID-19.

11.
J Sci Food Agric ; 101(15): 6368-6383, 2021 Dec.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1490844

ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND: The COVID-19 outbreak caused short-term disruptions in the supply chain of fresh agricultural products (FAPs), which exposed the vulnerability of the existing FAP supply chain. With pandemic control being widely coordinated, the supply chain of FAPs was gradually optimized and improved. However, after the outbreak of COVID-19, achieving an effective supply of FAPs in future pandemics has become a key issue. The present work therefore aimed to construct a three-level supply chain based on the Stackelberg game model, consisting of suppliers, third-party logistics (TPL), and retailers, to guarantee the supply of FAPs. COVID-19 pandemic factors such as virus infection coefficients and pandemic prevention efforts were fully integrated into the model. RESULTS: Compared with the wholesale prices of FAPs, preservation efforts and pandemic prevention efforts have huge impacts on the retail prices of FAPs. When suppliers are in the leading position, the quality assurance effort level is positively correlated with the optimal profit. Compared with this situation, when FAP retailers are in the leading position, TPL providers show higher levels of pandemic prevention effort and FAP preservation effort. With an increase in consumer preference for pandemic prevention, the profits of supply-chain members when FAP retailers are in the leading position will gradually increase. CONCLUSION: This study reveals an effective supply mechanism for FAPs in metropolitan areas during the COVID-19 pandemic and describes the authors' experience of guaranteeing the quality and safety of FAPs for future pandemic cases. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.


Subject(s)
Agriculture , Commerce , Food Supply , Pandemics , COVID-19 , Models, Theoretical , Refrigeration
12.
Electron Commer Res Appl ; 49: 101093, 2021.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-1440000

ABSTRACT

Food selling platforms are facing both challenges and opportunities during the COVID-19 outbreak as the enforcement of social distancing protocols has pushed consumers with serious health and safety concerns to shop online. Observing that platforms and their suppliers have adopted blockchain technologies and linked selected information nodes separately to foster consumers' trust, we establish a game-theoretic model to study the operations decisions and blockchain adoption strategies for a food supply chain consisting of one platform and one supplier. We explore the values and impacts of blockchain on the retailing platform, supplier, and consumers, respectively. An all-win situation is achieved when both members of the supply chain adopt blockchain. We further propose that not all prevalent supply chain contracts can achieve supply chain coordination in the presence of blockchain. In extended studies, we examine the incentives of the supply chain members' blockchain implementation with consideration of the fixed cost of such adoption, product infection, and tampered information.

13.
Transp Res E Logist Transp Rev ; 143: 102064, 2020 Nov.
Article in English | MEDLINE | ID: covidwho-798227

ABSTRACT

This paper studies a luxury sporting goods supply chain (LSGSC) experiencing trade disruption and market volatility. We propose a flexible trade credit contract with minimum order quantity (MOQ) and design a coordination mechanism between a supplier and a loss-averse wholesaler. We extend our study to a multi-tiered product setting and examine the impacts of social influences and loss aversion on SC decisions and channel coordination. Given the gloomy post-Covid-19 economic prospects in an era of reglobalization, this study urges trade associations and business leaders to immunize their SCs by considering behavioral biases and social influences and revisiting their contractual obligations.

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